EVALUASI MULTITEMPORAL INDEKS KESEHATAN KARANG DI KAWASAN KONSERVASI PULAU PIEH DAN LAUT SEKITARNYA (2021-2024): ANALISIS BIOFISIK DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN BERBASIS EKOSISTEM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.17.1.2025.59-75Keywords:
Coral Health Index (CHI), Ekosistem Terumbu Karang, Biomassa Ikan Karang, Analisis Biofisik, Pengelolaan Berbasis EkosistemAbstract
Terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem laut yang memiliki peran penting dalam menjaga biodiversitas dan ketahanan lingkungan pesisir. Namun, dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, degradasi terumbu karang terus meningkat akibat aktivitas antropogenik dan perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Indeks Kesehatan Karang (Coral Health Index / CHI) di Kawasan Konservasi Pulau Pieh dan perairan sekitarnya dalam periode 2021-2024 menggunakan pendekatan biofisik dan statistik. Analisis dilakukan terhadap 16 stasiun pengamatan, menggunakan data parameter bentik (tutupan karang hidup, resiliensi) dan biomassa ikan karang yang diperoleh melalui metode Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) dan Underwater Visual Census (UVC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai CHI berkisar antara 3 hingga 10, dengan beberapa stasiun menunjukkan tren peningkatan sementara lainnya mengalami stagnasi atau penurunan. Analisis Spearman correlation mengindikasikan bahwa parameter kualitas air (pH, DO, suhu, dan salinitas) tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan terhadap CHI pada semua tahun pengamatan (p-value > 0,05). Analisis Principal Component Analysis (PCA) menunjukkan bahwa faktor kualitas air bukan penentu utama perubahan CHI, tetapi tekanan ekologis dan aktivitas antropogenik lebih berperan dalam menentukan kondisi kesehatan terumbu karang. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk pengelolaan berbasis ekosistem guna menjaga keberlanjutan ekosistem terumbu karang.
Coral reefs are marine ecosystems that play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and coastal environmental resilience. However, in recent decades, coral reef degradation has continued to increase due to anthropogenic activities and climate change. This study aims to analyze the Coral Health Index (CHI) in the Pieh Island Conservation Area and its surrounding waters from 2021 to 2024 using biophysical and statistical approaches. The analysis was conducted at 16 observation stations using benthic parameters (live coral cover, resilience) and reef fish biomass data collected through the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) and Underwater Visual Census (UVC) methods. The results indicate that CHI values range from 3 to 10, with some stations showing an increasing trend while others experience stagnation or decline. Spearman correlation analysis indicates that water quality parameters (pH, DO, temperature, and salinity) do not have a significant relationship with CHI in all observation years (p-value > 0.05). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows that water quality factors are not the main determinants of CHI changes; instead, ecological pressure and anthropogenic activities play a more significant role in determining coral reef health. This study provides recommendations for ecosystem-based management to ensure the sustainability of coral reef ecosystems.
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