EVALUASI TOKSISITAS AKUT DAN SUB-AKUT DARI INSEKTISIDA LAMBDA-CYHALOTHRIN PADA IKAN PATIN Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15578/jra.19.3.2024.259-275Keywords:
glukosa, histologi, Lambda-cyhalothrin, pertumbuhan, toksisitas, glucose, growth, histology, toxicityAbstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin adalah insektisida beracun yang seringkali digunakan untuk mengendalikan hama di lahan pertanian. Insektisida ini sangat beracun terhadap organisme akuatik dan berpotensi mengganggu keseimbangan metabolisme dan fisiologi ikan budidaya. Ikan patin (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan air tawar yang sangat rentan terpapar Lambda-cyhalothrin karena letak sistem budidaya yang berdekatan dengan lahan pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek toksisitas akut Lambda-cyhalothrin dan efek sub-akut terhadap organ tubuh ikan patin. Ikan patin diperoleh dari pembudidaya ikan di Bogor, Jawa Barat, dengan berat dan Panjang rata-rata 8,59 ± 0,47 g dan 7,52 ± 0,83 cm. Bahan toksikan yang digunakan adalah insektisida Lambda-cyhalothrin. Ikan yang diuji dipelihara dalam akuarium berukuran 30x30x30 cm3 yang diisi air sebanyak 20 L. Penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga tahap, yaitu uji nilai kisaran, uji toksisitas akut LC50-96 jam, dan uji sub akut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LC50-96 jam Lambda-cyhalothrin pada ikan patin adalah 5,2 µg L-1. Hasil uji sub akut dengan taraf perlakuan 2,6 µg L-1 menunjukkan pertumbuhan minimal 0,688% dan berdampak nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kadar glukosa yang mencapai 148,16 mg dL-1. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Lambda-cyhalothrin bersifat merugikan terhadap ikan patin yang menyebabkan kerusakan yang nyata pada insang, usus, dan hati yang dibuktikan dengan adanya hiperplasia, proliferasi, vakuolisasi, kongesti, fusi, nekrosis, cloudy swelling dan inflamasi.
Lambda-cyhalothrin is a toxic insecticide frequently used to control pests in agricultural settings. This insecticide is very toxic to aquatic organisms and can potentially disrupt the balance of metabolism and physiology of farmed fish. Striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is one of farmed freshwater fish species highly susceptible to being exposed to Lambda-cyhalothrin due to the common shared location of the farming system with agricultural land. This study aimed to determine the acute toxicity effects of Lambda-cyhalothrin and the sub-acute effects on the organs of the striped catfish. The striped catfish was obtained from fish farmers in Bogor, West Java, with an average weight and length of 8.59 ± 0.47 g and 7.52 ± 0.83 cm, respectively. The toxicant material used was Lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide. The tested fish were reared in aquarium sized 30x30x30 cm3 filled with 20 L of water. This study was divided into three stages, i.e., range value test, acute toxicity test (96h-LC50), and sub-acute test. The result showed that 96h-LC50 of Lambda-cyhalothrin on striped catfish was 5.2 µg L-1. The results of the sub-acute test with a treatment level of 2.6 µg L-1 showed minimal growth at 0.688% and a significant impact (P<0.05) on glucose levels, which reached 148.16 mg dL-1. This study concludes that Lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide is detrimental to striped catfish, causing noticeable damage to the gill, intestine, and liver, as evidenced by hyperplasia, proliferation, vacuolization, congestion, fusion, necrosis, cloudy swelling, and inflammation.
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