PENGARUH TINGKAT DAN FREKUENSI PEMBERIAN PAKAN TERHADAP KINERJA PERTUMBUHAN DAN PEMANFAATAN PAKAN PADA PEMELIHARAAN BENIH IKAN GURAMI (Osphronemus gouramy)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15578/jra.19.4.2024.365-382Keywords:
benih ikan gurami, feeding frequency, feeding rate, kinerja pertumbuhan, pemanfaatan pakan, feed utilization, giant gourami fry, growth performanceAbstract
Pakan komersial menyumbang hingga 85% dari biaya produksi dalam pembenihan ikan gurami, dengan kenaikan harga yang berdampak pada efisiensi produksi. Optimalisasi feeding rate (FR) dan feeding frequency (FF) sangat penting dalam pengelolaan pakan. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh kombinasi FR dan FF terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan pemanfaatan pakan pada benih ikan gurami. Rancangan acak lengkap faktorial digunakan dengan dua tingkat FR (3% dan 6%) serta tiga tingkat FF (1, 2, dan 3 kali per hari), menghasilkan enam kombinasi perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan. Ikan gurami (0,81 ± 0,02 g; 3,79 ± 0,17 cm) dipelihara selama 60 hari dalam unit dengan volume 20 L dengan kepadatan 1 ekor Lâ»Â¹ dan pergantian air yang seragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi FR 6% dengan FF tiga kali per hari menghasilkan kinerja pertumbuhan terbaik, dengan bobot akhir (5,74 g), laju pertumbuhan spesifik (3,25% hariâ»Â¹), pertambahan bobot harian (82,17 mg hariâ»Â¹), koefisien pertumbuhan termal (4,74), dan faktor kondisi (1,91). Kombinasi FR 6% dengan FF dua kali per hari menghasilkan panjang akhir (6,96 cm), biomassa akhir (113,75 g), hasil bersih (4,87 g Lâ»Â¹), total konsumsi pakan (120,07 g), dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup (100%) tertinggi. Rasio konversi pakan terbaik (0,83) dan efisiensi pakan tertinggi (82,46%) ditemukan pada FR 3% dengan FF tiga kali per hari, meskipun tidak meningkatkan pertumbuhan. Secara keseluruhan, FR 6% dengan FF tiga kali per hari merupakan kombinasi paling efektif untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan dan pemanfaatan pakan (rasio konversi pakan 1,05; efisiensi pakan 81,87%) dan direkomendasikan dalam manajemen pembenihan ikan gurami.
Commercial feed accounts for up to 85% of production costs in giant gourami hatcheries, with rising prices impacting production efficiency. Optimizing feeding rate (FR) and feeding frequency (FF) is crucial for managing feed use. This study analyzed effects of different FR and FF combinations on growth performance and feed utilization in giant gourami fry. A factorial completely randomized design was used with two FR (3% and 6%) and three FF levels (1, 2, and 3 times per day), totaling six treatment combinations with three replicates. Giant gourami (0.81 ± 0.02 g, 3.79 ± 0.17 cm) were reared for 60 days in 20 L units at a density of 1 fish L-1, with uniform water exchange. Results showed that FR 6% with FF three times per day yielded the best growth performance, with final weight (5.74 g), specific growth rate (3.25% day-1), daily weight gain (82.17 mg day-1), thermal growth coefficient (4.74), and condition factor (1.91). The FR 6% with FF twice per day combination resulted in the highest final length (6.96 cm), biomass (113.75 g), net yield (4.87 g L-1), total feed consumption (120.07 g), and survival rate (100%). The best feed conversion ratio (0.83) and feed efficiency (82.46%) were observed in FR 3% with FF three times per day, though it did not enhance growth. Overall, FR 6% with FF three times per day was the most effective for optimizing growth and feed utilization (feed conversion ratio 1.05; feed efficiency 81.87%) and is recommended for giant gourami hatchery management.
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