HUBUNGAN KELIMPAHAN MIKROPLASTIK DENGAN KERUSAKAN HISTOPATOLOGIS PADA INSANG DAN USUS UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) YANG DIBUDIDAYAKAN DI TAMBAK DI PROBOLINGGO, JAWA TIMUR, INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15578/jra.20.1.2025.63-77Keywords:
histopatologi, insang, Litopenaeus vannamei, mikroplastik, usus, gills, histopathology, intestines, microplasticAbstract
Peningkatan kontaminasi mikroplastik di lingkungan tambak menjadi ancaman serius bagi kesehatan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kelimpahan mikroplastik pada insang dan usus dengan tingkat kerusakan histopatologis udang vaname yang dibudidayakan di tambak yang berlokasi di Probolinggo, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan analisis korelasi Spearman. Sampel udang diambil dari tiga lokasi tambak dan dianalisis secara histologis untuk menilai skor kerusakan jaringan. Hasil menunjukkan korelasi sangat kuat dan signifikan antara kelimpahan mikroplastik dengan skor kerusakan insang (r = 0,815; p-value = 0,007), degenerasi usus (r = 0,885; p-value = 0,002), nekrosis (r = 0,804; p-value = 0,009), dan inflamasi (r = 0,688; p-value = 0,041). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa mikroplastik berkontribusi besar terhadap kerusakan struktural organ respirasi dan pencernaan udang. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya pengelolaan pencemaran mikroplastik dalam sistem budidaya berkelanjutan.Â
The increasing presence of microplastic contamination in shrimp ponds poses a serious threat to the health of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). This study aimed to analyze the relationship between microplastic abundance in gills and intestines with the level of histopathological damage in whiteleg shrimp cultivated in ponds located in Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. A quantitative descriptive method was used with Spearman correlation analysis. Shrimp samples were collected from three pond locations and histologically examined to assess tissue damage scores. The results showed a very strong and significant correlation between microplastics abundance and gill damage (r = 0.815; p-value = 0.007), intestinal degeneration (r = 0.885; p-value = 0.002), necrosis (r = 0.804; p-value = 0.009), and inflammation (r = 0.688; p-value = 0.041). These findings indicated that microplastics significantly contribute to structural damage in the respiratory and digestive organs of shrimp. This study highlighted the importance of effectively managing microplastic pollution in sustainable aquaculture systems.
References
Andrady, A. L. (2017). The plastic in microplastics: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 119(1), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.082
Anwar, S., & Abdurrohman, A. (2020). Pemanfaatan teknologi Internet of Things untuk monitoring tambak udang vaname berbasis smartphone Android menggunakan NodeMCU Wemos D1 Mini. Infotronik: Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Elektronika, 5(2), 77–83.
Apriani, A., Marisca, S., & Diana, P. (2023). Ez Prep Concentrate (Ez Prep) sebagai alternatif reagen deparafinasi pada pewarnaan hematoksilin eosin. G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan, 7(1), 96–102.
Arisanti, G., Yona, D., & Kasitowati, R. D. (2023). Analisis mikroplastik pada saluran pencernaan ikan kembung (Rastrellige sp.) di perairan Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Belawan, Sumatera Utara. Water and Marine Pollution, 1(1), 45–60.
Chairrany, B., & Sa’adah, N. (2021). Identifikasi mikroplastik pada udang Litopenaeus vannamei di perairan Gunung Anyar Surabaya. Environmental Pollution Journal, 1(1), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.58954/epj.v1i1.4
Chen, G., Li, Y., & Wang, J. (2021). Occurrence and ecological impact of microplastics in aquaculture ecosystems. Chemosphere, 274, 129989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129989
Chen, Q., Gundlach, M., Yang, S., Luo, T., Lehmann, A., & Tuerk, J. (2021). Microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems: sources, fate and impacts. Water Research, 196, 116865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.116865
Cole, M., Lindeque, P., Halsband, C., & Galloway, T. S. (2011). Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 62(12), 2588-2597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.09.025
Das, S. S., Hall, A. V., Wareham, D. W., & Britton, K. E. (2002). Infection imaging with radiopharmaceuticals in the 21st century. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 45, 25–37.
Esch, G. W., & Hazen, T. C. (1978). Stress and body condition in helminth-infected fishes. Science, 199(4327), 1344–1346. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.624458
Galloway, T. S., Cole, M., & Lewis, C. (2017). Interactions of microplastic debris throughout the marine ecosystem. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1(5), 0116. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0116
Han, J., Li, J., Zhao, Y., Liu, X., & Zhang, L. (2021). Effects of polystyrene microplastics on the gut barrier, immune response and metabolism of shrimp. Environmental Pollution, 273, 116408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116408
Hariri, A. (2021). Pembesaran udang vanname (Litopenaeus vannamei) secara intensif pada kolam bundar di CV. Tirta Makmur Abadi Desa Lombang, Kecamatan Batang-Batang, Sumenep, Jawa Timur. Grouper: Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan, 12(2), 35–46.
Hinton, D. E. (1993). Toxicologic histopathology of fishes: Review and evaluation of the toxicologic pathology of selected fish organs. Proceedings of the American Fisheries Society Symposium, 1, 194–211.
Hsieh, S.-L., Wu, Y.-C., Xu, R.-Q., Chen, Y.-T., Chen, C.-W., Singhania, R. R., & Dong, C.-D. (2021). Effect of polyethylene microplastics on oxidative stress and histopathology damages in Litopenaeus vannamei. Environmental Pollution, 288, 117800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117800
Jovanović, F. (2017). Ingestion of microplastics by fish and its potential consequences from a physical perspective. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 13(3), 510–515. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1913
Kiran, B. R., Kopperi, H., & Venkata Mohan, S. (2022). Micro/nano-plastics occurrence, identification, risk analysis and mitigation: Challenges and perspectives. Reviews in Environmental Science and Biotechnology, 21(1), 169–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-021-09601-2
Kiran, S., Gnanadurai, C., Rajesh, R., & Bharath, P. (2022). Transfer of microplastics in aquatic food chains: A review on bioaccumulation and biomagnification. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29(10), 14528-14540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19135-6
Kumar, V., Abbas, A. K., & Aster, J. C. (2014). Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease (9th ed.). Elsevier.
Li, H., Chen, H., Wang, J., Li, J., Liu, S., Tu, J., Chen, Y., Zong, Y., Zhang, P., Wang, Z., & Liu, X. (2021). Influence of microplastics on the growth and the intestinal microbiota composition of brine shrimp. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 717272. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.717272
Li, J., Yang, D., Li, L., Jabeen, K., & Shi, H. (2018). Microplastics in commercial bivalves from China. Environmental Pollution, 207, 190-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.043
Mustofani, D. (2022). Modul ajar statistika. IIK Press.
Putri, R. N., Widiyatmoko, W., Nugroho, R. A., Wardhana, W., Subandiyono, S., & Putri, R. D. (2022). Effect of microplastic-contaminated feed on hepatopancreas histopathological changes in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Tropical Animal Science Journal, 45(4), 377–386. https://doi.org/10.5398/medpub.2022.45.4.377
Roberts, R. J. (2012). Fish pathology (4th ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
Safitri, W. R. (2016). Analisis korelasi Pearson dalam menentukan hubungan antara kejadian demam berdarah dengue dengan kepadatan penduduk di Kota Surabaya pada tahun 2012–2014. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan, 1(1), 21–29.
Silva, D. C., Vieira, H. A. G., Rolim, V. S., Silva, W. F., Sousa, M. G., Paulino, M. G., & Mariano, W. S. (2021). Environmental contaminants: Effects of microplastics on aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Research, Society and Development, 10(7), e54310716761. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16761
Sugiyono. (2012). Metode penelitian kombinasi (mixed methods). Alfabeta.
Sukarni, Maftuch, & Nursyam, H. (2012). Kajian penggunaan Ciprofloxacin terhadap histologi insang dan hati ikan botia (Botia macracanthus, Bleeker) yang diinfeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. The Journal of Experimental Life Science, 2(2), 6–12.
Sulistyawati, W., Wahyudi, & Trimuryono, S. (2022). Analisis (deskriptif kuantitatif) motivasi belajar siswa dengan model blended learning di masa pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling, 4(1), 68–73.
Sun, X., Li, Q., Wang, H., Zhang, Q., & Wang, J. (2022). Chronic exposure to microplastics induces histological and functional damage to the gut and liver in marine crustaceans. Science of the Total Environment, 824, 153800. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153800
Timilsina, A., Adhikari, K., Yadav, A. K., Joshi, P., Ramena, G., & Bohara, K. (2023a). Effects of microplastics and nanoplastics in shrimp: Mechanisms of plastic particle and contaminant distribution and subsequent effects after uptake. Science of the Total Environment, 894, 164999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164999
Timilsina, H. S., Ferguson, M. W., & Snyder, S. A. (2023b). Microplastics in aquaculture: Sources, impacts, and mitigation strategies. Aquaculture Reports, 30, 101559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2023.101559
Xing, Y., Zhu, X., Duan, Y., Huang, J., Nan, Y., & Zhang, J. (2023). Toxic effects of nitrite and microplastics stress on histology, oxidative stress, and metabolic function in the gills of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 187, 114531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114531
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Jurnal Riset Akuakultur is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.Â